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\textbf{{\Huge Genetic Transformation for A.I. development}}
{\center{April 12, 2011, 
	Johan Ceuppens, Theo D'Hondt - Vrije Universiteit Brussel}}
\\
\abstract{
This paper is a gentle introduction to developing AI's or cyborgs
through embryos, cell-based and using techniques to insert exogenous
DNA.
}
\section*{\large Introduction}

Some bacteria have evolved to contain not only their own DNA or replicate
their DNA inside other cells (viruses). They contain plasmids which are DNA strands which can be incorporated inside other DNA-based systems. Some bacteria 
probably survived because of virus-like abilities to cause a cancer (tumor)
with their plasmid DNA.
The process of translating exogenous (outer cell) DNA is called transformation.
Some plasmids are circular of form. Episomes are DNA strands which coexist
in a cell with the chromosomal DNA. Some commercial plasmids do exist. Cancer
research can decontain chromosomal DNA by use of plasmids.
Plasmids can be classified by function:
\begin{itemize}
\item{Fertility-F-plasmids which contain tra-genes. They are capable of conjugation (transfer of genetic material between touching cells}
\item{Resistance-R-plasmids which contain genes which can become resistanties against antibiotics}
\item{Col-plasmids which contain genes that code for (determine the production of) bacteriocins, proteins that can kill other bacteria (survival mechanism)}
\item{Degradative plasmids, which turn the bacterium into a pathogen (disease-causer)}
\end{itemize}
The induction of nucleic acids in cells is called transfection. By processes such as electroporation and nanoparticles or magnetofection, one can introduce
the acids in cells. Such a process has virus functionality.

Transformation of multi-cellular organisms does not come easily although plants adapt naturally this way.
Agrobacterium species can alter plant cells with their plasmid T-DNA to form
crown gall disease and hairy root syndrome.
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics{transfo1.eps}
\caption{Plant DNA transformation}
\end{figure}
\section*{\large Angels}

Genetical fitness maxima are all close together in phase space \cite{bookooo}.
The input-output connections of the NK or NK(d) models vary as a function of
gene (allele) connections. This has been termed as embryological developement
seen in DNA-based organisms. There is no proof yet if something like 
other dynamical systems can become a (e.g. lifeless) organism.
The Bose-Eintein statistics \cite{articlepvm} can be viewed as the embryological key for 
development using K input-output connections : 
$n_{i} = \frac{g_{i}}{e^{\frac{(\epsilon_{i} - \mu)}{kT}} - 1}$
The intron genes are called mobilomes and contain the workable DNA of a cell.
\subsection*{\large Exotic organisms}
By using the dynamic attractors of molecule (enzyme) makers we can use
elementary particles to create things as ninja turtles or aliens (the movie).
For example, the alien would have skin thougher than chitin (insects armor),
like titanium. By developing caged systems (e.g. Faraday cage) we can induce
an angel, an exotic organism.
Development is mostly seen as going forward in time while such a transformational system can also be brought back in time as to elaborate on the genetic material-organism transduction (think for example as a genetic algorithm or with apoptosis.)

Popular methods for inducing DNA in cells are chemical, particle and non-chemical based. Most methods try to insert genetical code (or proteins) in a cell which
can be translated by the cell's nucleus. Porative methods as such insert by use of light (lasers) magnetism and electromagnetism or even sound-based.
Particle methods use a gene gun whereas chemical compounds for transfection are Calcium
phosphate and dendrimers or cationic liposomes. Reagent based chemical 
compounds can also induce material. Viruses can also be used. 

There is a possibility to breed A.I.'s and developing them with embryology.
The main problem is to dissolve the right chemical compounds into e.g. the 
brain of a robot which might not be human at all. Electronics can also be
inserted in such an A.I. embryo by development. Molecules can be formed with
e.g. nano-particles or elementary particle theory or other laws of chemical 
comnpound breeding. The possiblity of brain implants and cyborgs thus becomes a reality.
\section*{\large Elementary particle theory}

Most particles in nature have a few characteristics. Some exist as a wavefront,
some have mass some don't. Another quality is spin. Particles like anti-hydrogen
have been made using CERN's systems. Thus it has been proven that anti-matter exist and for that matter other types of matter. 
Using the Shroedinger equation or the Lagrangian definition for a momentum-position pair, one can calculate the dynamics of a particle. If we use dynamical
system theory as L-systems or cell systems \cite{thesisjohan} (both in soft- as in hardware), one can attract elementary particles (wavepackets) to the 
construction of an atom and furtheron to molecules (e.g. proteins.) With
this technique we can brew protein-based organisms such as Agrobacterium or
plants. 
Space-time is curved through the Lorentz transformation. The Lorentz
attractor makes the U.S.S. Enterprise hoover through space with a warp (curve)
based engine. 
Systems which use this graviton-based theory can fly or use a built-in superconductor to fly in a magnetic field which is present in rotating EM fields.
Another complex mathematical group makes spin a loopy system. Spin of 
particles occurs in a circular phase, thus making spins of 360 degrees
a fixed point theory (as a recursive algorithm.)
The fixed point can also be as an L-system for spinor group theory.
Where the Shroedinger equation conducts on position using the Lorentz
transformation as a path integral for movement ($p = mv$), the conservation
of energy is quadratic ($E = \frac{1}{2}mv^{2}$.) and can be used to classify
a system using the energy matrix of the translational ability (where spin
is rotational ability.)
The energy function can also be thought of as a Lagrangian (Schroedinger eq.)
\cite{bookqgp}
The Hamiltonian becomes the integral of the energy.

With parallellograms of wave packets one can see a particle on the wavefront.
This is a concrete example of inducing particles with a Feynmann diagram.
Feynmann's laws can be used as an particle making machine's assembly language.
This machine is a not Turing complete but does have production rules which
makes it a Context-Free grammar based system.
The gravitational lensing of a star can be made out of 2 ways : Lorentz
attractors bend the light with spacetime curving (relativity theory) or
as a particle based wavefront which bends other things.
It is clear that energy of a wave plays a role here.

The other way round, particle decay can put an attractor based system back in time.
The mathematical model for attractors is a fractal.The Lorentz path
integral is a fractal which bends space time and coexists with theories
about time travel, black holes and Einstein's general theory of relativity.

If we can travel on a path integral we can travel on a one-dimensional fractal path also. The Julia sets and Mandelbrot \cite{bookchaos} fractals are attractors which are
known to us to provide for curvature in space time.
Note that the Mandelbrot fractals curves endlessly and that spacetime can
be traveled through using any fractal which you can jump off of.

\section*{\large Nano-particle based transfection}

Using routes for elementary particles in spacetime we can construct matter
and anti-matter. With a particle gun we can steer clear towards induced
molecules and building anything we want.

To alter on cellular systems we need to think about making proteins.
Proteins are the basis for making a cell functional. This way the
magic bullet of medication becomes particle theory. Vacuoles canbe transformed
to cancer or anything developed with use of the cell's inner workings e.g.
infecting it with exogenous DNA.

Algebraic biology can use attractors for cell systems \cite{thesisjohan} and
use a molecular based language which canbe refined using particle theory
described above.
 
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